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Ultramarine was first produced in the 13th century by Persian artisans.

The pigment's name comes from the Latin word for "far-seeing", reflecting its popularity among painters.

In ancient Rome, ultramarine was used to depict the sky and sea in paintings.

The pigment's production required skilled artisans and took several weeks to complete.

Ultramarine's vivid blue color made it a favorite among artists, including Titian, Vermeer, and Van Dyck.

In the 19th century, synthetic ultramarine was developed, making the natural pigment less valuable and widely available.

In the 1980s, street art transitioned from tagging and writing to creating larger, more complex pieces.

Post-graffiti artists focused on storytelling and social commentary, using art as a form of activism.

Neo-graffiti artists incorporated various mediums, such as stencils, stickers, and paste-ups, into their works.

Street art has gained global recognition, with events like Banksy's "Dismaland" and the Bristol street art scene.

In the 21st century, street art has become an influential art form, shaping urban landscapes and public discourse.

Some notable street artists include Banksy, Shepard Fairey, and Invader, who have gained worldwide fame.

In addition, most ancient sculpture was painted, of which most has either been lost or is unable to be seen with the naked eye.

The Western tradition of sculpture began in ancient Greece, and Greece is widely regarded as producing great masterpieces in the classical period.

During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith.

The revival of classical models in the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelo's statue of David.

Relief sculpture may also decorate steles—upright slabs, usually of stone, often also containing inscriptions.

Synthetic Cubism remained vital until around 1919, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity.

Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century.

One primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne.

In France, offshoots of Cubism developed, including Orphism, abstract art and later Purism.

The impact of Cubism was far-reaching and wide-ranging in the arts and in popular culture.

In France and other countries Futurism, Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism, De Stijl and Art Deco developed in response to Cubism.

Some of the earliest mosaics were made of natural pebbles, originally used to reinforce floors.

Mosaic today includes murals and pavements, but also artwork, hobby crafts, industrial and construction forms.

Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC.

Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics.

Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practice the old technique.

Roman and Byzantine influence led Jewish artists to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.

The term "abstract expressionism" is believed to have first been used in Germany in 1919 in the magazine Der Sturm in reference to German Expressionism.

Abstract expressionism was notably influenced by the spontaneous and subconscious creation methods of Surrealist artists like André Masson and Max Ernst.

Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the influence of abstract expressionism can be seen in diverse movements in the U.S.

Abstract expressionism was seen as rebellious and idiosyncratic, encompassing various artistic styles.

Alfred Barr used this term in 1929 to describe works by Wassily Kandinsky.

The term was used in the United States in 1946 by Robert Coates in his review of 18 Hans Hofmann paintings.

The term "Surrealism" originated with Guillaume Apollinaire in 1917.

== Founding of the movement == The word surrealism was first coined in March 1917 by Guillaume Apollinaire.

Apollinaire used the term in his program notes for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, Parade, which premiered 18 May 1917.

Works of Surrealism feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur.

Leader Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was, above all, a revolutionary movement.