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In 1992, minor planet 15760 Albion was discovered, the first Kuiper belt object (KBO) since Pluto (in 1930) and Charon (in 1978).

Originally considered a planet, Pluto's status as part of the Kuiper belt caused it to be reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.

The Kuiper belt is named in honor of the Dutch astronomer Gerard Kuiper, who conjectured the existence of a version of the belt in 1951.

The Kuiper belt was initially thought to be the main repository for periodic comets, those with orbits lasting less than 200 years.

Since its discovery, the number of known KBOs has increased to thousands, and more than 100000 KBOs over 100 km (62 mi) in diameter are thought to exist.

The Kuiper belt is distinct from the hypothesized Oort cloud, which is believed to be a thousand times more distant and mostly spherical.

Auroras occur when Earth's magnetic field deflects solar wind particles.

The Sun's particles collide with Earth's atmosphere, creating light.

Auroras can be seen when solar activity is high.

Auroras are visible from both polar regions, not just one.

The colors of an aurora are determined by the altitude of the collisions.

Auroras can appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers.

== History == === 1884 to 1940 === The hypothesis of dark matter has an elaborate history.

Dark matter is thought to serve as gravitational scaffolding for cosmic structures.

Thus, dark matter constitutes 85% of the total mass, while dark energy and dark matter constitute 95% of the total mass–energy content.

While the density of dark matter is significant in the halo around a galaxy, its local density in the Solar System is much less than normal matter.

The total of all the dark matter out to the orbit of Neptune would add up to about 1017 kg, the same as a large asteroid.

Dark matter is classified as "cold", "warm", or "hot" according to velocity (more precisely, its free streaming length).

Auroras occur when Earth's magnetic field deflects solar wind particles.

The Sun's particles collide with Earth's atmosphere, creating light.

Auroras can be seen when solar activity is high.

Auroras are visible from both polar regions, not just one.

The colors of an aurora are determined by the altitude of the collisions.

Auroras can appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers.

The orbits of Venus and Earth make the two planets approach each other in synodic periods of 1.6 years.

Venus was visited for the first time in 1961 by Venera 1, which flew past the planet, achieving the first interplanetary spaceflight.

The first data from Venus were returned during the second interplanetary mission, Mariner 2, in 1962.

Venus orbits closer to the Sun than the Earth does.

In the course of this, Venus comes closer to Earth than any other planet.

As a result, a Venusian day is 116.75 Earth days long, about half a Venusian solar year, which is 224.7 Earth days long.

In 1916, the first solution of general relativity that would characterise a black hole was found.

The first widely accepted black hole was Cygnus X-1, an x-ray source proposed as a black hole binary through several studies between 1971 and 1974.

If stars are orbiting a black hole, their motions can be used to determine the black hole's mass and location.

In general relativity, crossing a black hole's event horizon traps an object inside but produces no locally detectable change.

General relativity also predicts that every black hole should have a central singularity, where the curvature of spacetime is infinite.

After a black hole has formed, it can grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings.

Initial designs for the telescope, then named the Next Generation Space Telescope, began in 1996.

In January 2022, it arrived at its destination, a solar orbit near the Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 mi) from Earth.

Two concept studies were commissioned in 1999, for a potential launch in 2007 and a US$1 billion budget.

The telescope's first image was released to the public on 11 July 2022.

The Webb was launched on 25 December 2021 on an Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou, French Guiana.

Webb, who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 during the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs.

Neutron stars in a binary system with a main sequence star can pull in large amounts of gas from its companion, a process called accretion.

Surpassed only by black holes, neutron stars are the second-smallest and second-densest known class of stellar objects.

Neutron stars have a radius on the order of 10 kilometers (6 miles) and a mass of about 1.4 solar masses (M☉).

Originally it was thought that neutron stars would be difficult to detect due to low emissions.

However, it was discovered that spinning stars emit radiation.

Most neutron stars that have been detected are pulsars or a part of a binary system.